Horários Astronômicos de Oração: Ângulos Solares e Cálculos Crepusculares
Horários Astronômicos de Oração: Ângulos Solares e Cálculos Crepusculares
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Fórmula e Método de Cálculo
Fajr/Isha = arccos( (-sin(Angle) - sin(Lat) × sin(Dec)) / (cos(Lat) × cos(Dec)) )
Prayer times are not fixed to a clock; they are fixed to the sun. Fajr and Isha are calculated based on the specific depression angle of the sun below the horizon (e.g., 18 degrees or 15 degrees).
Melhores Práticas e Dicas
- Select the Correct Calculation Method: Different global authorities use slightly different twilight angles. For example, the ISNA method (North America) uses 15 degrees for Fajr, while the Muslim World League (MWL) uses 18 degrees. Choose the one that aligns with your local mosque.
- Adjust for High Latitudes: In extreme northern or southern regions (like Norway or Canada during summer), the sun may never fully set, making standard mathematical calculation impossible. In these cases, times must be estimated based on the nearest viable latitude.
- Account for Asr Shadows: The Asr prayer is based on shadow length. The Standard (Shafi'i/Maliki/Hanbali) method calculates Asr when a shadow equals the object's length. The Hanafi method waits until the shadow is twice the object's length.